Subnetting
In simple words subnetting means divide a large or huge network into a small and simple network. A large network is complicated to manage or if any fault occur in the network it consume lots of time of network administrator to find out exact location of the issue.
In Subnetting you have to answer 5 question specifically while you designing a network for any enterprises.
Here are the 5 question you have to keep in your mind.
Firstly client provide you pool of addresses then as per client requirement you have to design the LAN network at customer's office.
These are the basic question you have to answer .
1) How many subnet does the choosen subnet mask produce?
2) How many Valid host / subnet will be availble ?
3) What are the valid Subnet ?
4) What does the network and broadcast address of each subnet ?
5) What are the valid host in each subnet ?
Lets do the subnetting of class C IP address.
For class C ip address for practice is 192.168.1.0
Subnet Mask
|
How Many Subnet 2^x
Where x is mask bit
|
Host per subnet 2^y-2
Where y is unmask bit
|
Valid Subnet
256-subnet mask
|
Broadcast address of
each subnet
|
Valid host
|
255.255.255.0
/24
|
1
|
254
|
256-0=256
|
192.168.1.255
|
192.168.1.1to
192.168.1.254
|
255.255.255.128
/25
|
2
|
126
|
256-128=128
|
192.168.1.128
192.168.1.255
|
192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254
|
255.255.255.192
/26
|
4
|
62
|
256-192=64
|
192.168.1.63
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.191
192.168.1.255
|
192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.62
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.126
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.190
192.168.1.192 to
192.168.1.254
|
255.255.255.224
/27
|
8
|
30
|
256-224=32
|
192.168.1.31
192.168.1.63
192.168.1.95
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.159
192.168.1.191
192.168.1.223
192.168.1.255
|
192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.30
192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.62
192.168.1.65 to 192.168.1.94
192.168.1.97 to 192.168.1.126
192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.158
192.168.1.161
To 192.168.190
192.168.1.193 to
192.168.1.222
192.168.1.225 to 192.168.254
|
255.255.255.240
/28
|
16
|
14
|
256-240=16
|
192.168.1.15
192.168.1.31
192.168.1.47
192.168.1.63
192.168.1.79
192.168.1.95
192.168.1.111
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.143
192.168.1.159
192.168.1.175
192.168.1.191
192.168.1.207
192.168.1.223
192.168.1.239
192.168.1.255
|
192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.14
192.168.1.17 to 192.168.1.30
192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.46
192.168.1.49 to 192.168.1.62
192.168.1.65 to 192.168.1.78
192.168.1.81 to
192.168.1.94
192.168.1.97 to
192.168.1.110
192.168.1.113 to 192.168.1.126
192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.142
192.168.1.145 o 192.168.1.158
192.168.1.161 to 192.168.174
192.168.1.177 to 192.168.1.190
192.168.1.193 to 192.168.1.206
192.168.1.209 to 192.168.1.222
192.168.1.225 to
192.168.1.238
192.168.1.241
to 192.168.1.254
|
255.255.255.248
/29
|
32
|
for practice
|
practice
|
practice
|
practice
|
255.255.255.252
/30
|
64
|
practice
|
practice
|
practice
|
practice
|
We will learn Class B and Class A subnetting in coming posts on our blog so stay tune...
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