IP ADDRESSING
IP Addressing Is very important topic in networking. IP address is an identifier for any machine which is use in communication. It designates the specific location of device on the network.
An IP address is software address, not a hardware address. The address codes on NIC(Network Interface Card) is konwn as MAC address and it is used to find host on local network, but IP address is used to communicate between network and it is used to locate host in different network.
IP Terminology:
Bit : A bit is one digit, either a 1 or a 0.
Byte: A byte is 7 or 8 bits depending upon on whether parity is used.
Octet: An octet is made up of just 8 bits and it is binary number combination of 1s or 0s.
Network Address : This is the designation or notation used in routing to send packets across network.
For e.g. 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 and 192.168.10.0
Broadcast address: The address used by applications and hosts to send information to all nodes on a network is called the broadcast address.
For e.g. 10.255.255.255 172.16.255.255 and 192.168.255.255
The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme
An IP address is consist of 32 bits . These bits divided into four parts referred as octet.
you can depict an IP address using one of the three methods .
Dotted-decimal as 172.16.0.0
Binary as in 11000000.00010000.00000000.00000000
Hexadecimal, as in AC.10.1E.38
The 32-bit IP address is structured or hierarchical address, as opposed to flat or non hierarchical address. Although either type of addressing scheme could have been used, hierarchical addressing was chosen for good reason.
By this scheme we have nearly 4.3 billion ip addresses.
The Disadvantage of of the flat addressing scheme, and the reason its not used for IP addressing, relates to routing . If every address were unique, all the routers on the internet would need to store the address of each and every machine on the internet . This would make efficient routing impossible , even if only a fraction of the possible address were used.
Classification Of IP Addresses
IP address is divided or classified in 5 classes based on host bit and network bit.
Lets understand what is Host bit and Network bit by an example.
Suppose you want to call your friend who is living in another city so you have your friends contact number but when you make a call you fist dial area code followed by friends contact number.
For e.g 011-22087213 here 011 is area code and rest digits are specific host number. From anywhere in the world you dial this number you will able to talk to you friend.\
Network bit is like area code and host bits are like contact number.
An IP address is software address, not a hardware address. The address codes on NIC(Network Interface Card) is konwn as MAC address and it is used to find host on local network, but IP address is used to communicate between network and it is used to locate host in different network.
IP Terminology:
Bit : A bit is one digit, either a 1 or a 0.
Byte: A byte is 7 or 8 bits depending upon on whether parity is used.
Octet: An octet is made up of just 8 bits and it is binary number combination of 1s or 0s.
Network Address : This is the designation or notation used in routing to send packets across network.
For e.g. 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 and 192.168.10.0
Broadcast address: The address used by applications and hosts to send information to all nodes on a network is called the broadcast address.
For e.g. 10.255.255.255 172.16.255.255 and 192.168.255.255
The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme
An IP address is consist of 32 bits . These bits divided into four parts referred as octet.
you can depict an IP address using one of the three methods .
Dotted-decimal as 172.16.0.0
Binary as in 11000000.00010000.00000000.00000000
Hexadecimal, as in AC.10.1E.38
The 32-bit IP address is structured or hierarchical address, as opposed to flat or non hierarchical address. Although either type of addressing scheme could have been used, hierarchical addressing was chosen for good reason.
By this scheme we have nearly 4.3 billion ip addresses.
The Disadvantage of of the flat addressing scheme, and the reason its not used for IP addressing, relates to routing . If every address were unique, all the routers on the internet would need to store the address of each and every machine on the internet . This would make efficient routing impossible , even if only a fraction of the possible address were used.
Classification Of IP Addresses
IP address is divided or classified in 5 classes based on host bit and network bit.
Lets understand what is Host bit and Network bit by an example.
Suppose you want to call your friend who is living in another city so you have your friends contact number but when you make a call you fist dial area code followed by friends contact number.
For e.g 011-22087213 here 011 is area code and rest digits are specific host number. From anywhere in the world you dial this number you will able to talk to you friend.\
Network bit is like area code and host bits are like contact number.
Class A
|
Network
|
Host
|
Host
|
Host
|
Class B
|
Network
|
Network
|
Host
|
Host
|
Class C
|
Network
|
Network
|
Network
|
Host
|
Class D is used for multi casting
Class E is used for Research purpose.
.........In Next post I will xplain you range of IP address and its uses. stay tune...........
.........In Next post I will xplain you range of IP address and its uses. stay tune...........
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